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March 8, 2025 at 11:28 amAstrand 6-Minute Cycle Test
(A physical fitness assessment measuring aerobic
capacity)
Target: 70% of max heart rate
⏱️ Activity: Running/jogging or cycling
Duration: As long as possible within 6 minutes
How to calculate:
– Record the distance covered (in meters) during the last minute of effort.
– Use the formula: (distance in m / 6) × 3.2 = maximal aerobic capacity (VO₂max) in ml/kg/min
**Objective**
The Astrand 6-minute Cycle Test is designed to assess an individual’s
cardiopulmonary capacity, which reflects the combined efficiency of the heart and lungs during aerobic exercise.
This test is commonly used to evaluate the maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and
to determine anaerobic threshold, providing insights into an individual’s endurance performance.
**Required Resources**
To conduct the test effectively, the following resources are essential: a
bicycle, a paddle resistance setting, a bike monitor or
speedometer to track revolutions per minute (RPM), a stopwatch for timing,
and a method to calculate power output in watts. Additionally,
a way to measure lactate levels may be required depending on the laboratory setup.
**How to Conduct the Test**
The test begins with a 5-10 minute warm-up ride
at a low resistance setting to prepare the participant mentally and physically.
The main test consists of cycling at increasing resistance every minute until the participant can no longer sustain for one full minute.
The cool-down phase mirrors the warm-up, allowing the
body to gradually return to normal activity levels.
**Convert RPM to km/hr**
The results from the test are often converted into kilometers per hour (km/h) for easier interpretation by cyclists.
This conversion can be calculated using the formula:
[ \textSpeed in km/h = \textRPM \times 2.8 ]
**Convert Speed to Watts**
To calculate power output, the speed is converted into meters per second (m/s)
and multiplied by the resistance force measured in newtons
(N). Power in watts (W) can then be determined using the formula:
[ W = \textSpeed in m/s \times \textResistance in N ]
**Assessment**
The results from the test are used to calculate various parameters, including maximum speed (Vmax), oxygen uptake (VO₂max),
and anaerobic threshold. Lactate levels may also be analyzed to assess lactate
threshold, which helps identify endurance capacity.
**Analysis**
Data collected during the test is plotted against time, with specific
attention paid to the relationship between speed/power output and lactate accumulation. This
analysis helps determine the participant’s ability to sustain high-intensity effort before reaching fatigue.
**Target Group**
The test is suitable for healthy adults who are physically
active or have completed a training program. It is not recommended for individuals with significant
heart or lung conditions without medical approval.
**Reliability**
The Astrand 6-minute Cycle Test has good reliability when conducted under controlled conditions, ensuring consistent results across similar subjects.
**Validity**
The test is valid for assessing cardiopulmonary performance but may have
limitations if measurement techniques are not precise or if environmental factors affect
performance.
**Advantages**
– Non-invasive assessment of aerobic and anaerobic capacity.
– Provides standardized testing protocol.
– Useful for comparing performance across different fitness levels.
**Disadvantages**
– Requires specialized equipment and trained personnel.
– The test may be time-consuming to administer and analyze.
– Potential safety concerns for untrained individuals without proper warm-up.
**References**
1. American College of Sports Medicine, *ACSM’s Exercise Testing and Prescription*, 7th Edition.
2. Davies, S.J., & Thompson, P.D. (2003). *Exercise and its Benefits*.
3. Gaesser, G.A., & Lamb, K.R. (1998). *Interpretation of Anaerobic Threshold: Implications for Fitness
Testing*.
**Page Reference**
This article can be found on page 15 of the fitness testing manual provided by the local sports
medicine clinic.
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April 7, 2025 at 11:53 pmWith Testosterone Enanthate’s long half-life, as quickly as you’ve had your last injection of the cycle,
you want to wait till that exogenous testosterone provide exits the system enough to stop shutting
you down. For this intermediate cycle, you’ll want 2x10ml (250mg/ml) vials of testosterone (enanthate or cypionate) and 100x10mg Dbol tabs.
You can also use 10mg/day of Nolvadex (or 0.5mg/eod Arimidex) throughout the cycle to combat gynecomastia-related issues.
It is an anabolic androgenic steroid taken orally within the form of pills.
It isn’t as well-liked as other anabolic steroids however got itself involved with its involvement in the German doping scandal several many
years ago. Regardless Of having totally different paths, both Winstrol and Anavar lead to elevated
bodily efficiency. With Winstrol, users may count on significant fats loss,
improved power usage, and enhanced muscle definition. In comparability, Anavar
leans more in direction of sustainable energy gains, elevated energy, and enhanced
efficiency without substantial weight positive aspects.
Anavar is out there in both oral and injectable varieties, however the oral type is extra generally used.
Anavar is mostly taken in cycles, with a typical cycle lasting 6-8 weeks.
It ought to be taken solely by those girls who have used several
steroids earlier than or a minimal of who’ve been through an Anavar-only cycle.
Note- When taking Andriol, it is recommended that you’ve got it with a
high-fat snack/meal. In Accordance to research,
the biological availability of oral testosterone is close to 50% lower when taken on an empty stomach.
Even though Anavar is the most secure steroid
for women, increasing the dose or the length of
the cycle can really result in virilization. Due To This Fact,
you will want to keep the dosage low/medium and to maintain the cycle brief.
Men often stack it with different steroids to get higher
outcomes from their exercises. Depending on your targets,
you may add one other compound to increase the cycle for several weeks
after stopping Anavar.
This is more doubtless to be an individual response to the steroid and not one thing
that impacts everybody. Notice that this doesn’t essentially mean it’s legal to import or sell
AAS in such countries – legal guidelines differ. Whereas private possession might not cause
you legal points, you can end up in bother if you’re caught attempting to
sell Anavar to someone.
It is, however, useful as a average lean mass gainer for men and effective for ladies when stacked with Primobolan or
Winstrol. A beginner can safely run an 8-week cycle (the most beneficial length) at a dosage of 30-50mg every day.
While Anavar has delicate pure testosterone suppression results, it not often fully suppresses or even suppresses at
half the pure levels. Therefore, the decrease in SHBG remains
to be extremely useful no matter your testosterone ranges
when utilizing this steroid. Anavar enhances metabolic fee and lipolysis15; this makes Anavar an extremely powerful fat-burning steroid where energy and stored body fat are efficiently utilized as vitality.
Your metabolic price will increase, and you can see burning fat quicker and extra efficient.
Naturally, your diet ought to assist fat loss, which is able to at all times be the
case on a cutting cycle.
Those with existing ldl cholesterol issues should rethink using any steroids that cause additional unfavorable alterations to cholesterol.
Dianabol offers you a quick kick-off to this bulking cycle, whereas Testosterone Enanthate takes a few weeks to start
delivering results. This is a good option for those who don’t wish to wait several
weeks for outcomes when stacking with one other sluggish ester like Deca (see my following stack below).
This is a long-acting and slow-release steroid that, when utilized in injection kind, can last a
quantity of months in the system. Due to this sluggish exercise, its positive benefits may
be very delayed and may not even begin to be useful till close to the top of a normal-length steroid cycle.
The enanthate ester of testosterone is a slow-acting type of this steroid, so it will take longer
to start providing you with noticeable outcomes compared
with a few of the faster-acting variants of testosterone.
You can anticipate to wait a minimum of four to 6 weeks until you notice constructive modifications in a testosterone enanthate cycle.
This means you’ll want a cycle length of a minimal of 12 weeks to get the utmost good thing about testosterone enanthate, with some customers
extending this right up to sixteen weeks.
When taking this substance, undertake a perspective in the direction of your health goals that treasures the process, not
simply the result. Your outcomes will be the sum
of every healthy alternative made, each rigorous workout,
and each dedication to your wellbeing. Given Oxandrolone’s refined
results, it’s necessary to keep in thoughts that changes inside such a short interval won’t be dramatic or drastic,
but they may set the bottom for further progress.
When it comes to an Anavar and test cycle, there are
some things you can do to ensure you get the most out of your steroid use.
By following these pointers, you presumably can reduce your danger of unwanted effects and maximize your results.
Members had been prompted to finish the objects 5 occasions a day for a period
of 2 weeks. This resulted in a potential whole of up to 70 completions per
participant. The dynamic interplay between signs or temper states could
be studied and mapped in a community, using time-series knowledge.
Generally, we find that doses over 20 mg/day are pointless
and will increase the danger of side effects
with out experiencing additional positive aspects. Like Dianabol and Deca Durabolin, biking Anavar and Anadrol isn’t one thing
that many steroid-users do, however that’s to not say it can’t be accomplished and used efficiently.
In truth, aside from Trenbolone and Halotestin, there isn’t a better pairing of steroids for power than Anavar and
Anadrol.
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April 10, 2025 at 10:37 pmMasteron is no longer used for medical functions in any nation, and it’s not recognized to be manufactured pharmaceutically wherever on the planet.
Pharmaceutical-grade Masteron is nearly non-existent, so we should flip to underground labs to
buy this steroid. Genetics will be the major
think about how unhealthy your hair shedding is, so if
you’re lucky enough to maintain a full head
of hair, you’re within the minority. Even guys who aren’t normally vulnerable to male pattern baldness with different AAS
can see some hairline receding and hair shedding. Primobolan is
considered one of the costliest cycles to run, and while loads of us suppose Primo is better in most methods, Masteron would be the go-to if it
comes down to cost for you.
Nevertheless, Anavar is much less powerful than Winstrol; subsequently,
the gains shall be barely much less (and the unwanted effects
extra tolerable). The mixture of trenbolone and Anavar makes for an efficient slicing cycle.
Both trenbolone and Winstrol do not aromatize, so water retention won’t be a difficulty, resulting in a defined and dried-out physique as a substitute, with enhanced vascularity.
We have seen this duo utilized as a cutting cycle, where users
eat in a calorie deficit. We have also seen it
used as a lean-mass constructing cycle, where customers
eat upkeep calories (or in a small surplus).
This data is invaluable for designing efficient coaching
packages, setting realistic goals, and guaranteeing secure development in energy
coaching. Simultaneously, visible muscle growth could additionally be detectable, and a few fat loss could
begin turning into evident. Incorporating the steroid
into your routine could begin to appear helpful, manifesting physical modifications in line with your objectives.
Within the preliminary couple of weeks, significant adjustments aren’t extremely probably.
Hold in thoughts, it’s during this section your physique is
adjusting to the steroid.
The idea that anabolic steroids can scale back sexual function is a typical one, and it
is true that some steroids can have unfavorable effects on sexual operate.
This is as a end result of the steroid increases the manufacturing
of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is the “bad” sort of cholesterol.
High levels of LDL have been linked with an increased danger of heart disease.
Tren can suppress pure testosterone manufacturing, leading to hormonal imbalances.
For finest outcomes in this 10-week cycle, take Testosterone Propionate
at 100mg weekly, Masteron Propionate at 400mg weekly, and
Trenbolone Acetate at 400mg weekly. Still, the Enanthate model has recently turn out
to be extra widespread for users wanting a
slower-release form of Masteron (and less frequent injections).
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Some users might expertise a “Tren cough” the place you experience uncontrollable
coughing for a few minutes submit injection, but it is a very small percentage of individuals utilizing Tren. Out of anything I have ever used (which is
just about 80% of steroids readily available to bodybuilders)
Tren made me the edgiest. One man can become hypertensive beneath our care after a number
of cycles, whereas one other man’s blood pressure can remain within the normal range.
If you battle to fall asleep at night time, trenbolone may not be an appropriate steroid because of its stimulative effects on the CNS
(central nervous system), causing insomnia. Nonetheless,
for the relaxation of the body, users can anticipate faster and thicker hair progress (3),
which can be advantageous for males coveting more grandiose beards.
Bodybuilders at our clinic have reported waking up in the
midst of the night time in a puddle of sweat on trenbolone.
Trenbolone steroid is a fast-acting anabolic steroid which is available in injectable form.
Folks can use Trenbolone injections and immediately inject them into the muscle tissue.
With its fast-acting properties assist users to feel a positive expertise within the first three or 4 weeks.
The large amount of exogenous testosterone supply in your body will improve the speed of
protein synthesis in your muscle tissues resulting in quick and super muscle gains.
Trenbolone doesn’t directly improve testosterone levels, it has the opposite impact.
Trenbolone actually suppresses the body’s pure testosterone manufacturing by primarily replacing the necessity for testosterone in the physique.
To maximize the advantages of our product with out compromising your well-being, persist with
the beneficial dosage and keep away from overdosing.
On the other hand, lower-priced Tren products
could elevate considerations about potential impurities or inconsistencies in efficiency.
When considering the purchase of Tren, it is important to
prioritize purity and quality to make sure secure and effective use, even if it
means investing in a slightly higher-priced product.
By choosing high-quality Tren Ace, users can believe in its potency, reliability, and security, making it a worthwhile funding for
his or her fitness objectives.
Overall, Trenbolone Acetate is a robust steroid that may
present significant positive aspects in muscle mass and energy
while also bettering endurance and athletic performance.
Whereas there are different steroids in the marketplace with similar benefits, many bodybuilders
choose Trenbolone Acetate for its distinctive properties.
Whereas Trenbolone is likely considered one of the most effective
anabolic steroids obtainable, its potency additionally comes with potential risks.
Accountable use is crucial to maximize its benefits while minimizing antagonistic results.
Understanding widespread unwanted side effects and using preventive measures can ensure a safer
and simpler cycle.
Trenbolone is a strong AAS that offers quite a few advantages, together with increased muscle
mass, fat loss, and energy. Trenbolone works by binding to androgen receptors within the physique,
which promotes protein synthesis and muscle progress.
It additionally will increase nitrogen retention, which is crucial for muscle progress.
And I Am not just speaking about the reality that these guys typically enhance muscle mass
within a couple of weeks with no change to
their routines. As a private health coach, I really have discovered to establish the most common unwanted effects of steroid use.
Trenbolone Acetate is a synthetic compound that has been discussed in bodybuilding circles
for its potent results.
Nevertheless, to maximise the advantages supplementing your tren cycle with Anavar
can play a major position. Nonetheless, some customers additionally seek for
Am I Able To take trenbolone with Dianabol, so technically it’s fairly controversial.
Due to having severe testosterone suppression, that’s why do take pleasure in PCT to kick-start endogenous testosterone again to regular levels once more.
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April 16, 2025 at 2:01 amAnavar is on the market in both oral and injectable
varieties, but the oral type is extra generally used. Anavar is mostly taken in cycles,
with a typical cycle lasting 6-8 weeks. The dosage of Anavar can range relying on your objectives
and experience degree, however it is usually beneficial to begin with a low dosage and gradually
enhance it over time. If so, you might be questioning how a
lot muscle you can realistically achieve on this steroid.
Anavar, also called Oxandrolone, is a well-liked choice for those seeking to enhance their
body composition and power. While it’s not
as highly effective as some other steroids, it’s identified for producing quality gains with out the same stage of
side effects. It may help you achieve lean muscle, improve
fat burning in your body, reduce and harden muscle tissue, elevate energy
to superhero ranges, speed up restoration, enhance vascularity, and so on.
Since Anavar is a synthetic form of testosterone, the body might scale back or stop its personal production of the
hormone. This can lead to low testosterone levels, which may trigger signs similar to fatigue,
lack of libido, erectile dysfunction, and decreased muscle mass.
When taken appropriately, Anavar can provide a spread of advantages, primarily centered on muscle progress, energy enhancement, and fat loss.
Many people choose Anavar above other anabolic steroids as a
result of it doesn’t trigger vital water retention, leading to a
leaner, more defined look. Anavar has a robust anabolic
ranking, but at the identical time, it is not a steroid that’s as efficient for bulking for males as
different steroids are.
No, it’ll greater than probably not put on piles of lean tissue however it could possibly
with sufficient calories present in the food plan convey a few good
lean tissue gain. Further, as water weight is of no concern with this steroid every
last pound of tissue gained will be that of one hundred pc pure lean muscle mass.
Further, as Anavar dosages are so low for most ladies,
whereas the hormone isnt low cost, because they want so little it proves to be
far more efficient on a value to profit ratio.
Utilizing Anavar throughout a steroid cycle
is a highly effective means of growing lean muscle mass.
It needs to be taken daily and on the similar time every single day to get essentially the most effectiveness from the treatment.
Both of these steroids are fast-acting, causing visible modifications to physique composition, particularly in regard
to physique fat, within the first few days of supplementation. We have discovered Equipoise (boldenone)
to be one of many least poisonous steroids, inducing gentle cardiotoxicity.
Equipoise aromatizes, albeit not to a high level,
thus offering some protection to HDL cholesterol levels, keeping them comparatively excessive.
However, individuals with sturdy genetics might not expertise male sample baldness.
Other than Winstrol being an oral steroid and not being as anabolic as trenbolone, the main other difference is that Winstrol doesn’t fill out the muscular tissues as
much.
Here Is one thread the place a guy asks a few
moderate dosage of Anavar, and is told that 40-60mg each day is sweet.
One more level here is that dosing can be depending on if one
is operating an Anavar-only cycle, or stacking it with different drugs like testosterone.
One of the most-overlooked unwanted side effects regarding
Anavar is that it can alter lipid values to unhealthy ranges.
It can take several months on your testosterone to recuperate
its regular operate after ending an Anavar cycle.
Ready for this to naturally happen isn’t an option as a result of low testosterone is significantly debilitating.
Anavar is way from the most suppressive steroid we will use,
however it will still have some influence in your regular testosterone production32.
Improvement of zits and oily pores and skin are the other androgenic side effects to watch out for.
Once More, these will develop rapidly and severely in some individuals,
while others won’t have pimples.
The primary concern we’ve with clenbuterol is cardiotoxicity, with it probably causing tachycardia.
We have additionally observed clenbuterol causing insomnia, anxiousness,
melancholy, and nervousness in users. It is banned by the FDA and various other sporting federations due to it being a growth-promoting compound and its opposed results.
Due to the stimulative results of clenbuterol, vitality
and motivation levels are more likely to enhance.
This stack will significantly enhance muscle-building and power outcomes
in comparability with an Anavar-only cycle.
This cycle is usually solely utilized by men as a result of testosterone inflicting virilization side
effects in ladies.
How a lot thinning will depend on your genetics and the way
delicate you would possibly be to anabolic steroids.
Most folks start with a decrease dose and progressively increase it to see how their body reacts.
Regardless of the rationale for taking Anavar, follow the recommended dosage and do not exceed it, as this could provoke serious health issues.
Anabolic steroids are man-made versions of testosterone, the male intercourse hormone.
There are some testimonials on-line of consumers experiencing impressive transformations from utilizing these legal steroids.
Many ladies who’re thinking of taking steroids are afraid of their our bodies changing, finally looking
like a person. This is called virilization – when a girl starts to develop manly options.
Since you are introducing a specific amount of compounds into your physique, you would possibly wanna look at
supplementing with something that has a myriad of health advantages.
For extra details about natural supplements which have comparable effects
to PEDs, remember to see our listing of the top-rated authorized steroids.
There are some legal Anavar options obtainable that
ship lots of the similar effects as Anavar, however (since
they’re 100 percent all-natural) without any of the antagonistic reactions.
Some folks, often ladies, may take Anavar for its capability to
burn fat.
One of the unwanted effects of Anavar use in girls is a decrease in libido.
Anavar can affect the body’s capability to produce testosterone naturally, which
might result in a lower in sexual desire. If you experience a decrease in libido while using Anavar, you might need
to contemplate reducing your dosage or stopping the steroid altogether.
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April 25, 2025 at 4:20 pmSólo un 2% de la testosterona se encuentra en forma libre en la sangre, el 53-55% está unida débilmente a la albúmina sérica y del 43-45%
se encuentra fuertemente unida a la globulina enlazante de la testosterona-estradiol (TeBG) (2)(3).
De una manera muy sintetizada se expondrá una introducción en la
que se hablará de la testosterona, desde un plano fisiológico.
Durante la noche es normal despertar para ir al baño, sin embargo,
si esto ocurre más de dos veces, la persona podría tener nocturia, cuya
causa podría ser urológica y estar relacionada
con el consumo de algunos líquidos. El sangrado no siempre se produce, pero a veces sí, especialmente si
se utilizan agujas de gran diámetro. Un enrojecimiento moderado y
una sensación de calor pueden ser un síntoma de una
ligera alergia al aceite en el que se disuelve la sustancia o a la cantidad de alcohol en la solución.
Los deportistas suelen utilizar múltiples tipos de esteroides anabólicos en forma simultánea (una práctica llamada apilamiento).
Pueden utilizar diferentes vías de administración (oral, IM
o transdérmica) de manera simultánea. Cuando se comienza con una pequeña dosis de un esterioide anabólico
y esta se aumenta de manera gradual, para luego reducirla de manera paulatina hasta llegar a cero se conoce
como dosificación piramidal.
Finalmente, en 1968, el Comité Olímpico Internacional acuerda una definición de dopping y en los Juegos
Olímpicos de Montreal en 1976 se prohíbe su utilización2.
Los esteroides anabólicos incluyen la testosterona y todos los fármacos
química y farmacológicamente relacionados con la testosterona que favorecen el crecimiento muscular; se dispone de
numerosos fármacos. Los esteroides anabólicos se
utilizan clínicamente para tratar los niveles bajos de testosterona en el hipogonadismo masculino.
Debido a sus propiedades anticatabólicas y de mejora de la utilización proteica, se utilizan en el tratamiento de quemados, encamados u
otros pacientes debilitados para prevenir la atrofia muscular.
Por otra parte la testosterona puede ser oxidada por la enzima aromatasa y convertirse en estradiol, principal hormona
femenina, que en concentraciones elevadas en el
hombre puede ocasionar una serie de efectos secundarios que analizaremos más adelante (Figura 1)(2).
La testosterona se biosintetiza en los testículos,
concretamente en las células de Leydig, son las encargadas de
producir el 90% de la testosterona complete secretada en un día (4-10mg en hombres) y el 10% restante es producida por el
córtex adrenérgico (0,5mg aprox. en hombres y mujeres) (2).
Además, existe un informe de investigación sobre los esteroides y otras drogas utilizadas para mejorar la apariencia y
el rendimiento.
Hombre de 26 años, celíaco, que cumplía dieta libre de gluten, sin enfermedad hepática previa diagnosticada
ni antecedente de alcoholismo, consultó por ictericia, sin fiebre, dolor, rash
u otra sintomatología acompañante. Ante la insistencia en la consulta el paciente reconoció el consumo de EAA y otros fármacos sin indicación médica durante los 2 meses previos a la consulta y los discontinuó eleven días antes (Tabla
2). La serología viral (VHA, VHB, VHC, VIH, CMV, VEB) y los marcadores de autoinmunidad (ANA,
ASMA, AMA, Anti LKM-1) fueron negativos. La insatisfacción con estos
cambios hace que algunos hombres de mediana edad busquen terapia de reemplazo de andrógenos.
La terapia de reemplazo de andrógenos (ART, por sus
siglas en inglés), a menudo denominada terapia de reemplazo de testosterona,
es una clase de terapia de reemplazo hormonal en la que se reemplazan los andrógenos, a menudo la testosterona.
Los andrógenos se sintetizan a partir del colesterol y se producen principalmente en las gónadas (testículos y ovarios) y también en las
glándulas suprarrenales. También se ha encontrado que los andrógenos señalizan a través de receptores de andrógenos de membrana,
que son distintos del receptor de andrógeno nuclear
clásico.
Un estudio de 13 meses, que se publicó en 2006 y en el que
participaron 320 culturistas y atletas, sugiere que la amplia gama de efectos
secundarios psiquiátricos inducidos por el uso de AAS se correlaciona con la gravedad del abuso.
La testosterona se puede administrar por vía parenteral, pero tiene un tiempo de absorción prolongado más irregular y una
mayor actividad en el músculo en forma de éster de enantato, undecanoato o cipionato.
Estos derivados se hidrolizan para liberar
testosterona libre en el lugar de la inyección; la tasa de absorción (y, por lo tanto, el programa
de inyección) varía entre los diferentes ésteres,
pero las inyecciones médicas normalmente se realizan entre dos veces por
semana y una vez cada 12 semanas. Puede ser deseable
un horario más frecuente para mantener un nivel más
constante de hormonas en el sistema.Los esteroides inyectables normalmente se administran en el músculo, no en la vena, para evitar cambios repentinos en la
cantidad del fármaco en el torrente sanguíneo.
Además, debido a que la testosterona esterada se disuelve en aceite, la inyección intravenosa tiene el potencial de causar una embolia peligrosa (coágulo) en el torrente sanguíneo.
Durante la pubertad, aumenta la producción de andrógenos,
HL y HFE; los cordones sexuales se ahuecan formando los túbulos seminíferos y las
células germinales empiezan a diferenciarse en esperma.
Este complejo migra después al núcleo celular, donde se combina con una proteína nuclear e induce el proceso de transcripción de ADN a ARN.
En 30 minutos se activa la polimerasa de ARN y la concentración de ARN comienza a aumentar en las células
prostáticas; a continuación, se produce un aumento progresivo de la proteína celular.
Tras varios días, la cantidad de ADN de la próstata también se ha incrementado y se ha
producido un ascenso simultáneo del número de células
prostáticas, lo que se conoce como hiperplasia (5,7,9,).
Por tanto, la testosterona estimula la producción de proteínas
en casi cualquier lugar del organismo, aunque aumenta de forma
más específica las proteínas en órganos o tejidos “efectores” responsables del desarrollo de los caracteres sexuales masculinos, primarios
y secundarios (5,7). Por otro lado, la ginecomastia es otro efecto adverso que en ocasiones ocurre en los deportistas que
recurren a la administración de esteroides anabólicos androgénicos.
La ginecomastia no es ni más ni menos que el aumento patológico del tamaño de las glándulas mamarias en el
hombre. Los esteroides anabólicos fueron desarrollados a finales
de la década de 1930 primordialmente para tratar al hipogonadismo, una
condición en la que los testículos no producen suficiente testosterona para un crecimiento, desarrollo,
y funcionamiento sexual normales.
El desarrollo de sistemas de información fiable, basados en evidencias científicas, la participación de profesionales y la extensión de los programas de análisis
a los esteroides anabólico-androgénicos pueden ser algunas de las estrategias de reducción de riesgos que convendría aplicar con estas sustancias.
Pues bien, en este artículo voy a tratar de explicaros qué son realmente
los esteroides anabólicos, qué efectos pueden llegar a producir,
qué riesgos tiene su consumo o por qué se emplean tanto
en el culturismo. Los EAA que se han reducido en 5 alfa,
como la DHT, y los andrógenos sintéticos en los que se ha modificado
el anillo A no pueden aromatizarse, como es el caso de la
trembolona, el primobolan, la oxandrolona, el
masteron y el estanozolol y, por ende, no se pueden convertir en estrógenos y causar ginecomastia (2,
6,7).
En este modelo, la actividad miotrófica o anabólica se mide por el
cambio en el peso del músculo bulbocavernoso/levator ani de rata, y la actividad androgénica se mide
por el cambio en el peso de la próstata ventral de rata (o, alternativamente, las vesículas seminales de rata), en respuesta a la exposición al AAS.
Las vías de administración tradicionales no tienen efectos
diferenciales sobre la eficacia del fármaco. Los estudios indican que las propiedades
anabólicas de AAS son relativamente similares a pesar de las
diferencias en los principios farmacocinéticos, como el metabolismo de
primer paso. Sin embargo, las formas disponibles por vía oral
de AAS pueden causar daño hepático en dosis altas.
Algunos médicos prescriben esteroides anabólicos
a los pacientes con consunción relacionada con el sida o el cáncer.
Sin embargo, existen pocos datos para recomendar dicho tratamiento y poca orientación sobre el
modo en que los suplementos de andrógenos pueden afectar los trastornos subyacentes.
Se le adjudicaron beneficios a la testosterona en cuanto a la
cicatrización de heridas y lesiones musculares, aunque escasos datos respaldan estas afirmaciones.
El que se produzcan efectos secundarios al utilizar esteroides
depende de los conocimientos del usuario, el ciclo planificado y los
factores genéticos. Los posibles efectos secundarios
a largo plazo incluyen ginecomastia, pérdida de cabello,
disminución de la voz, problemas de erección y daño hepático (cuando se usan dosis masivas de
esteroides orales sin suplementos para el hígado).
Sin embargo, el abuso de esta práctica tiene efectos nocivos sobre la salud de estas personas.
Típicamente, todos los esteroides muestran efectos androgénicos y anabólicos del mismo
compuesto. La relación androgénica a anabólica es importante para
determinar las aplicaciones clínicas de las sustancias que ejercen un efecto anabólico.
Los compuestos que se utilizan en aplicaciones clínicas deben disminuir con el efecto androgénico
cuando se proporciona tratamiento anabólico.. Los esteroides anabólicos androgénicos (EAA) fueron desarrollados con fines terapéuticos para el
tratamiento del hipogonadismo masculino, la pubertad
tardía en varones y, posteriormente, se les encontró utilidad para el cáncer de mama, la osteoporosis y la anemia aplásica1.
El uso ilícito de EAA sin prescripción médica, a dosis hiperbólicas y combinaciones múltiples, resulta cada vez más frecuente en un denominador común que incluye a hombres jóvenes, con un buen estado físico, deportistas aficionados o fisicoculturistas.
Su consumo puede devenir en hepatotoxicidad,
insuficiencia renal, hipogonadismo, hipertrofia miocárdica y depresión.
References:
https://theyellowdogproject.com
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